.NET/Java PDF, Tiff, Barcode SDK Library

processes that are accessing them. Once you know the processes that are using the file, you can stop them before deleting the file. However, you may not be able (or want) to do this. The other problem with needing to stop a process that is holding a file open is that doing so may be against existing site policies. The process or application that is holding the file open might be production-critical and impact business needs if it is halted. Another way to clean up the space used by a file is to zero out the file by redirecting /dev/null into the file. This trims the file down to zero bytes while leaving the file itself in place. The file remains open and accessible to any process that might be using it. However, the operating system will release the disk space in a timely fashion. Keep in mind that some processes may keep a file open for writing for a very long time. Here is a sample of a directory listing, including an offending log file that is consuming large amounts of disk space. We have a choice of several possible commands that will zero out the file.

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The ACCESS PARAMETERS clause, somewhat similar to the OPTIONS clause in a SQL*Loader control file, indicates the various options chosen, as well as the location of the bad file and log file. Several external table parameters are available to specify the format of the data. Important among them are the following: RECORD_FORMAT_INFO: This is an optional clause. The default is RECORDS DELIMITED BY NEWLINE. FIXED: When you specify a fixed length by using the FIXED clause, you re indicating that all records in the external file are of the same length. ACCESS PARAMETERS (RECORD FIXED 20 FIELDS (. . .)) VARIABLE: The VARIABLE clause indicates that each record may be a different size, indicated by a number of digits before the beginning of each record. ACCESS PARAMETERS (RECORDS VARIABLE 2) When you use the VARIABLE clause, every record in this data set will have the following format, with the first two bytes indicating the length of the record: 22samalapati1999dallastx DELIMITED BY: This clause indicates the character that terminates each record. The most common delimiters are the pipe (|) and the comma (,). LOAD WHEN: This clause indicates the conditions that must be satisfied before a record can be loaded into a table. LOAD WHEN (job != MANAGER) LOG FILE, BAD FILE, and DISCARD FILE: These are optional parameters, but a log file is always created by default. The bad file and the discard file are created only if data is rejected or data fails to meet a LOAD WHEN condition. Condition: This variable compares all or part of a field against an arbitrarily chosen constant string.

For more complex types (discussed later), this overhead can be significantly higher You should also be aware that some other NET languages, including C#, distinguish by-reference arguments and out-only arguments For a by-reference argument, an initialized variable must be passed, and the called function can modify this value or leave the value untouched For an out-only argument, an uninitialized variable can be passed, and the called function must modify or initialize its value By default, a tracking reference is considered to have by-reference semantics If you want to define an argument with out-only semantics, you have to use the OutAttribute from the namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices, as shown here: void fWrapper([Out] int% i); Argument types of native functions often have the const modifier, as shown in the following sample: void f(int& i1, const int& i2); As discussed in 8, the const modifier is translated to an optional signature modifier.

The access parameters describe the external data in the data files. The access driver ensures that the external data processing matches the description of the external table. Two types of access drivers are available, and you specify each of them by using the attribute TYPE in the external table creation statement. The first is the ORACLE_LOADER access driver, which is

the default. Listing 13-3 creates an external table using the ORACLE_LOADER access driver. Using this access driver, you can only load data into a table from an external text file. The new ORACLE_DATAPUMP access driver lets you both load and unload data using external dump files. You can read data into database tables from an external dump file. You can also extract data from an Oracle table into an external table s dump file.